Category: copper-catalyst

Most of the compounds have physiologically active properties, and their biological properties are often attributed to the heteroatoms contained in their molecules, and most of these heteroatoms also appear in cyclic structures. A Journal, Journal of Surface Investigation: X-Ray, Synchrotron and Neutron Techniques called Study of Supported Metal Catalysts by the Methods of the Small-Angle Scattering of Neutrons and X-rays, Author is Larichev, Yu. V.; Ivankov, O. I., which mentions a compound: 14898-67-0, SMILESS is Cl[Ru](Cl)Cl.[H]O[H], Molecular Cl3H2ORu, HPLC of Formula: 14898-67-0.

The possibility of analyzing deposited metal catalysts by small-angle neutron scattering through contrast variation based on the use of H2O/D2O mixtures is shown. The use of the contrasting technique makes it possible to selectively obtain the size distribution of metal particles in a wide range of sizes. The reliability of the obtained size distributions of metal particles is confirmed by the addnl. data of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry. Variation in the contrast in small-angle neutron scattering with the use of deuterated liquids is shown to have greater possibilities with respect to the structural anal. of deposited catalysts in comparison with small-angle X-ray scattering.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Reference of (S)-3-((S)-2-(((S)-1-Ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino)propanoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride. The protonation of heteroatoms in aromatic heterocycles can be divided into two categories: lone pairs of electrons are in the aromatic ring conjugated system; and lone pairs of electrons do not participate. Compound: (S)-3-((S)-2-(((S)-1-Ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino)propanoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C20H28ClN3O6, CAS is 89396-94-1, about Protective effect on renal function by ACE-I imidapril hydrochloride. Author is Matsuoka, Hirochika.

The protective effect on renal function by the ACE inhibitor imidapril hydrochloride was studied in patients with hypertension. Imidapril hydrochloride had antihypertensive and renoprotective actions.

This literature about this compound(89396-94-1)Reference of (S)-3-((S)-2-(((S)-1-Ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino)propanoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloridehas given us a lot of inspiration, and I hope that the research on this compound((S)-3-((S)-2-(((S)-1-Ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino)propanoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride) can be further advanced. Maybe we can get more compounds in a similar way.

Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: (S)-2-Bromosuccinic acid( cas:20859-23-8 ) is researched.Synthetic Route of C4H5BrO4.Polec, Iwona; Legocki, Jan; Kobes, Stanislaw; Morytz, Boleslaw published the article 《Enantiomers of O,O-dialkyl malathion analogs. Synthesis and toxicological characteristics》 about this compound( cas:20859-23-8 ) in Organika. Keywords: malathion analog preparation pesticide; dialkyldithiophosphoric acid ammonium salt preparation pesticide. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:20859-23-8).

The title compounds [(RS), (R) or (S)-I; R = alkyl, cycloalkyl] were prepared by nucleophilic substitution of enantiomers or racemate of di-Et 2-bromosuccinate with O,O-dialkyldithiophosphoryl anions. Physicochem. properties of compounds I, and toxicol. characteristics of (R)-enantiomer of each I (LD50 i.p. for mouse, and LD50 for housefly), were given. Physicochem. characteristics of prepared ammonium salts of O,O-dialkyldithiophosphoric acids II, were also presented.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Quality Control of [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6, is researched, Molecular C40H40F6IrN4P, CAS is 676525-77-2, about Ynamide SMILESs Rearrangement Triggered by Visible-Light-Mediated Regioselective Ketyl-Ynamide Coupling: Rapid Access to Functionalized Indoles and Isoquinolines. Author is Wang, Ze-Shu; Chen, Yang-Bo; Zhang, Hao-Wen; Sun, Zhou; Zhu, Chunyin; Ye, Long-Wu.

Here, a novel and practical radical SMILESs rearrangement triggered by photoredox-catalyzed regioselective ketyl-ynamide coupling is reported, which represents the first radical SMILESs rearrangement of ynamides. This method enables facile access to a variety of valuable 2-benzhydrylindoles with broad substrate scope in generally good yields under mild reaction conditions. In addition, this chem. can also be extended to the divergent synthesis of versatile 3-benzhydrylisoquinolines through a similar ketyl-ynamide coupling and radical SMILESs rearrangement, followed by dehydrogenative oxidation Moreover, such an ynamide SMILESs rearrangement initiated by intermol. photoredox catalysis via addition of external radical sources is also achieved. By control experiments, the reaction was shown to proceed via key ketyl radical and α-imino carbon radical intermediates.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Most of the natural products isolated at present are heterocyclic compounds, so heterocyclic compounds occupy an important position in the research of organic chemistry. A compound: 492-27-3, is researched, SMILESS is O=C(C1=NC2=CC=CC=C2C(O)=C1)O, Molecular C10H7NO3Journal, Article, Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology called Kynurenic Acid Protects Against Reactive Glial-associated Reductions in the Complexity of Primary Cortical Neurons., Author is O’Reilly, Kate; O’Farrell, Katherine; Midttun, Oivind; Rakovets, Yuliia; David-Bercholz, Jennifer; Harkin, Andrew, the main research direction is Glia; Kynurenic acid; Kynurenine pathway; Primary cortical neurons.Reference of 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid.

Brain glia produce neuroactive metabolites via tryptophan-kynurenine catabolism. A role for kynurenine pathway (KP) metabolites is proposed in reactive glial associated neurodegeneration. The aim of this investigation was to assess the role of KP induction and KP metabolites in driving reactive glial associated neuronal atrophy. Rat primary mixed glia, and enriched microglial and astroglial cultures were stimulated with IFNγ (10 ng/ml) for 24 hours. KP induction in mixed glial cells was confirmed by raised expression of the rate limiting KP enzyme indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase (IDO) and raised concentrations of KP metabolites kynurenic acid (KYNA) and quinolinic acid (QUIN) in the conditioned media. Conditioned media was transferred onto immature (3 days) and mature (21 days) primary cortical neurons in vitro for 24 hours. IFNγ-stimulated mixed glial conditioned media reduced neurite outgrowth and complexity of both immature and mature neurons and co-localised expression of synaptic markers determined by immunocytochemistry. Pre-treatment of mixed glial cells with the IDO inhibitor, 1-methyltryptophan (1-MT) (L) prevented these effects of IFNγ-stimulated mixed glial conditioned media. KYNA increased complexity and synapse formation in mature cortical neurons and protected against reduced neuronal complexity and co-localised expression of synaptic markers induced by conditioned media from IFNγ-stimulated mixed glia and by treatment of neuronal cells with QUIN (1 µM). Overall, this study supports a role for the KP in driving neuronal atrophy associated with reactive glia and indicates that inhibition of the KP in glia, or raising the concentration of the astrocytic metabolite KYNA, protects against reactive microglial and QUIN-associated neuronal atrophy.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid, is researched, Molecular C10H7NO3, CAS is 492-27-3, about Kynurenic acid protects against mastitis in mice by ameliorating inflammatory responses and enhancing blood-milk barrier integrity, the main research direction is kynurenic acid mastitis inflammation blood milk barrier; Blood-milk barrier; Kynurenic acid (KYNA); Mastitis; NF-κB; Nrf2.Reference of 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid.

Mastitis is one of the most serious diseases in humans and animals, especially in the modern dairy industry. Seeking safe and effective mastitis prevention strategies is urgent since food safety and drug residues in milk remain an enormous concern, despite the contribution of antibiotics to control mastitis. Kynurenic acid (KYNA), derived from the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism, has been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects in many diseases. Recently, it was reported that impaired KYNA levels were associated with mastitis. However, the physiol. role of KYNA in mastitis has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective role of KYNA in pathogen-induced mastitis in mice, as well as the underlying mechanism of this effect. We first evaluated the effects of KYNA on LPS-induced mastitis in mice. Addnl., the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanism of KYNA was investigated in mammary epithelial cells (MMECs). Furthermore, we examined the effects of KYNA on S. aureus and E. coli induced mastitis in mice. Our results demonstrated that KYNA alleviated LPS-induced mastitis by reducing inflammatory responses and enhancing blood-milk barrier integrity. The fundamental mechanisms involved the inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2/Ho-1, which is probably mediated by G protein-coupled receptor 35 but not aryl hydrocarbon receptor. Notably, KYNA also protected against S. aureus and E. coli induced mastitis in mice. In conclusion, our results highlight the role of KYNA in mastitis and serve as a basis for using endogenous metabolite as a novel preventative or therapeutic strategy for disease intervention.

As far as I know, this compound(492-27-3)Reference of 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid can be applied in many ways, which is helpful for the development of experiments. Therefore many people are doing relevant researches.

Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Electric Literature of C10H7NO3. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid, is researched, Molecular C10H7NO3, CAS is 492-27-3, about Adenosine and kynurenic acid interactions: possible relevance for schizophrenia treatment?. Author is Beggiato, Sarah; Zuccarini, Mariachiara; Cassano, Tommaso; Borroto-Escuela, Dasiel Oscar; Di Iorio, Patrizia; Schwarcz, Robert; Fuxe, Kjell; Ferraro, Luca.

A review. In this article the considerations outlined indicate a possible relevance of adenosine and KYNA interactions in the pathophysiol. and treatment of schizophrenia. The present opinion paper was conceived to critically review possible interactions between adenosine and kynurenic acid (KYNA) in this context.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The chemical properties of alicyclic heterocycles are similar to those of the corresponding chain compounds. Compound: (S)-3-((S)-2-(((S)-1-Ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino)propanoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride, is researched, Molecular C20H28ClN3O6, CAS is 89396-94-1, about Effect of a centrally active angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril, on cognitive performance in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease, the main research direction is antipsychotic perindopril imidapril enalapril cognition memory behavior Alzheimer disease.Synthetic Route of C20H28ClN3O6.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors have clin. been widely used as anti-hypertensive agents. In the present study, we compared the effects of a centrally active ACE inhibitor, perindopril, with those of non-centrally active ACE inhibitors, imidapril and enalapril, on cognitive performance in amyloid β(Aβ) 25-35-injected mice, a rodent model of Alzheimer’s disease. We also determined the brain ACE activity in order to elucidate the relationship between the cognitive function and ACE inhibition in the brain. Aβ25-35-injected mice showed a cognitive impairment in spontaneous alteration and object recognition tests, the indexes of immediate working memory and relatively long-term recognition memory, resp. As indicated by these tests, the oral administration of perindopril (0.1, 0.3 or 1 mg/kg/day) significantly reversed the cognitive impairment in these mice, whereas neither imidapril (0.3, 1 or 3 mg/kg/day) nor enalapril (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg/day) had any effect on cognitive performance. Perindopril (1 mg/kg/day), imidapril (3 mg/kg/day), or enalapril (10 mg/kg/day) all inhibited the plasma ACE activities by more than 90%. Using the same dosing regimen, only perindopril inhibited the brain ACE activities by more than 50%, whereas imidapril and enalapril showed much less potent effects. These results suggest that perindopril ameliorated the cognitive impairment in the Alzheimer’s disease model mice through the inhibition of brain ACE activity, but not peripheral ACE activity. Based on our observations, we concluded that a centrally active ACE inhibitor, perindopril, may therefore have a beneficial effect on Alzheimer’s disease as well as hypertension.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Lin, Feng; Ma, Yulong; Sun, Yonggang; Zhao, Kanghe; Gao, Tingting; Zhu, Yingbo published the article 《Heterogeneous Ni-Ru/H-ZSM-5 one-pot catalytic conversion of lignin into monophenols》. Keywords: HZSM zeolite lignin monophenol catalytic conversion.They researched the compound: Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate( cas:14898-67-0 ).Name: Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:14898-67-0) here.

Due to the inertness and structural complexity of lignin, upgrading lignin to biofuels and fine chems. still faces great challenges. In this paper, a one-pot method was used to catalyze straw lignin with H-ZSM-5 supported by Ni and Ru bimetals, and the lignin conversion rate reached 88.1%. The yield of monophenol was 19.5%, of which the yield of 4-ethylphenol and 4-ethylguaiacol was 4.9% and 3.8%, resp. The 2D HSQC NMR anal. confirmed that the Ni-Ru/H-ZSM-5 catalyst had an obvious activity of breaking Cβ-O bonds before and after the reaction. The result showed that after loading metal Ni and Ru, the Lewis acid of the catalytic system was greatly increased, which caused electron transfer between Ni and Ru. 3Ni-1.5Ru/H-ZSM-5 had the strongest activity due to the largest synergy among Ni, Ru and H-ZSM-5. The synergy was the key factor leading to the cleavage of C-C and C-O bonds in straw lignin and the high-performance catalytic degradation of lignin. Besides, the effect of reaction solvent and hydrogen resource on upgrading lignin to fine chems. over 3Ni-1.5Ru/HZSM-5 catalyst was also intensively investigated. This research developed a method for the direct conversion of lignin into valuable monophenols.

As far as I know, this compound(14898-67-0)Name: Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate can be applied in many ways, which is helpful for the development of experiments. Therefore many people are doing relevant researches.

Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid( cas:492-27-3 ) is researched.Application of 492-27-3.Li, Hui; Cui, Lanchong; Zhang, Guolei; Zhang, Mengmeng; Jiao, Lili; Wu, Wei published the article 《[Quantitative analysis of tryptophan and its metabolites in urine by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].》 about this compound( cas:492-27-3 ) in Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography. Keywords: pre-column derivation; tryptophan-kynurenine pathway; ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS); urine. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:492-27-3).

Tryptophan (Trp), also known as α-amino β-indolepropionic acid, is an essential amino acid, which is involved in various physiological processes. Studies have shown that tumors, infectious diseases, and neurological diseases are accompanied by Trp-related metabolic disorders. Understanding the excretion of Trp and its metabolites in normal individuals is of great significance for treating Trp-related diseases and monitoring the health. A rapid quantitative method was developed based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). Further, this method was applied to the simultaneous determination of Trp and its metabolites, including kynurenine (Kyn), kynurenic acid (KA), 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-OH-Kyn), 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid (3-OH-AA), xanthurenic acid (XA), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA). The excretion and amount of target compounds in random urine samples collected from healthy participants were studied using this method. Urine samples were collected from healthy male volunteers (between 20-22 years old) without any diet and exercise restrictions. Urine samples were collected between 11∶00-13∶00 daily for 10 d. Thereafter, the urine samples were diluted, centrifuged, and subjected to pre-column derivatization with dansyl chloride (DNS-Cl). Caffeic acid (CA) was used as the internal control. Later, the derivatives were detected using triple quadrupole mass spectrometry with electron pray ionization (ESI) in positive and multi reaction monitoring (MRM) modes. The samples were separated using a Thermo C18 column (50 mm×3 mm, 2.7 μm) with 0.1% aqueous formic acid aqueous solution and methanol as mobile phases at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The three most abundant ions for each derivative were selected for downstream analysis, and the internal control was used for quantification. The polarity and molecular weight of the compounds were found to be altered effectively after DNS-Cl derivatization treatment. The dansyl group effectively altered the polarities of the derivatives, such that their retention behaviors in the reverse elution system were similar and they were well separated. The interference due to impurities was effectively eliminated using the MRM mode. The results showed significant linear correlation, since the correlation coefficients were greater than 0.9740. The recoveries were between 93.24%-107.65%, and the LODs were 0.005-0.5 ng/mL for the eight compounds. Trp prototype and the seven target metabolites, including 3-OH-Kyn, 3-OH-AA, XA, Kyn, KA, 5-HIAA, and 5-HT generated through Trp-5-HT and Trp-Kyn pathways were detected in the urine samples. These results indicated that Trp was excreted in a prototypic form or after being metabolized. The level of the target compounds in random urine samples of individuals were 0.99-3.72 (3-OH-Kyn), 2.51-21.11 (3-OH-AA), 0.25-1.12 (XA), 0.15-1.53 (Kyn), 0.24-2.58 (KA), 0-0.31 (5-HT), and 2.2-17.94 (5-HIAA) μg/mL. For the same individual, in the state of physical health, the fluctuations of Trp and its metabolites in urine were large. Due to these large fluctuations in the absolute content, the difference between individuals was not significant. The data generated using 70 urine samples revealed that the amount of excreted Trp being metabolized was 124%-268% of prototype, which further indicated that the excretion after metabolism was the major underlying mechanism. Upon comparing the levels of metabolites in the Trp-5-HT and Trp-Kyn pathways, the results indicated that the levels of 3-OH-AA and 3-OH-Kyn generated upon Trp degradation through the Kyn pathway was higher than those of the other products. Trp was degraded via Kyn pathway to produce 3-OH-AA, which was the main metabolite of Trp found to be present in the body. This manuscript detected the levels of Trp and its metabolites, as well as summarized the characteristics of excretion using random urine samples, which could provide valuable information for clinical practice.

As far as I know, this compound(492-27-3)Application of 492-27-3 can be applied in many ways, which is helpful for the development of experiments. Therefore many people are doing relevant researches.

Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”