Category: copper-catalyst

Related Products of 492-27-3. The reaction of aromatic heterocyclic molecules with protons is called protonation. Aromatic heterocycles are more basic than benzene due to the participation of heteroatoms. Compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid, is researched, Molecular C10H7NO3, CAS is 492-27-3, about A comprehensive study on the relieving effect of Lilium brownii on the intestinal flora and metabolic disorder in p-chlorphenylalanine induced insomnia rats. Author is Si, Yanpo; Wei, Wenjun; Chen, Xiaohui; Xie, Xiaolong; Guo, Tao; Sasaki, Yohei; Zhang, Youbo; Wang, Lili; Zhang, Fei; Feng, Shuying.

ContextThe bulb of Lilium brownii F. E. Brown (Liliaceae) (LB) is a common Chinese medicine to relieve insomnia. ObjectiveTo investigate the mol. mechanism of LB relieving insomnia. Materials and methodsInsomnia model was induced by i.p. injection p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA) in Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups: Control, PCPA (400 mg/kg, i.p. 2 days), LB (598.64 mg/kg, oral 7 days). The levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), norepinephrine (NE), melatonin (MT), and the expression of GABAA, 5-HT1A and MT receptors, as well as pathol. changes in hypothalamus, were evaluated. 16S rDNA sequencing and UPLC-MS/MS were used to reveal the change of the intestinal flora and metabolic profile. ResultsThe adverse changes in the abundance and diversity of intestinal flora and faecal metabolic phenotype altered by PCPA in rats were reversed after LB treatment, accompanied by the up-regulated levels of 5-HT as 8.14 ng/mL, MT as 16.16 pg/mL, 5-HT1A R and GABAA R, down-regulated level of NE as 0.47 ng/mL, and the improvement of pathol. phenomena of cells in the hypothalamus. And the arachidonic acid metabolism and tryptophan metabolism pathway most significantly altered by PCPA were markedly regulated by LB. Besides, it was also found that LB reduced the levels of kynurenic acid related to psychiatric disorders and trimethylamine-N-oxide associated with cardiovascular disease. ConclusionThe mechanism of LB relieving insomnia involves regulating flora and metabolites to resemble the control group. As a medicinal and edible herb, LB could be considered for development as a health-care food to relieve increasing insomniacs in the future.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Recommanded Product: (S)-2-Bromosuccinic acid. The fused heterocycle is formed by combining a benzene ring with a single heterocycle, or two or more single heterocycles. Compound: (S)-2-Bromosuccinic acid, is researched, Molecular C4H5BrO4, CAS is 20859-23-8, about The divergent asymmetric synthesis of kalafungin, 5-epi-frenolicin B and related pyranonaphthoquinone antibiotics. Author is Donner, Christopher D..

A divergent, asym. method for the synthesis of pyranonaphthoquinones is reported. The synthetic strategy applies a Staunton-Weinreb annulation between substituted ortho-toluates and the (R)-pyran-2-one I to construct the key naphthopyranone intermediates, e.g., II. Stereoselective introduction of either a Me or Pr C5 alkyl substituent by use of Grignard addition/silane-mediated reduction and a sequence of oxidations gave a series of pyranonaphthoquinones including kalafungin (III), 5-epi-frenolicin B (IV; R1 = Pr-n, R2 = H), and 5-epi-9-methoxykalafungin (IV; R1 = Me, R2 = OMe).

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic.Hosoya, Kazuyoshi; Ishimitsu, Toshihiko researched the compound: (S)-3-((S)-2-(((S)-1-Ethoxy-1-oxo-4-phenylbutan-2-yl)amino)propanoyl)-1-methyl-2-oxoimidazolidine-4-carboxylic acid hydrochloride( cas:89396-94-1 ).Product Details of 89396-94-1.They published the article 《Protection of the cardiovascular system by imidapril, a versatile angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor》 about this compound( cas:89396-94-1 ) in Cardiovascular Drug Reviews. Keywords: review ACE inhibitor antihypertensive imidapril hypertension dysphagia CHF. We’ll tell you more about this compound (cas:89396-94-1).

A review. Imidapril hydrochloride (imidapril) is a long-acting, non-sulfhydryl angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, which has been used clin. in the treatment of hypertension, chronic congestive heart failure (CHF), acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and diabetic nephropathy. It has the unique advantage over other ACE inhibitors in causing a lower incidence of dry cough. After oral administration, imidapril is rapidly converted in the liver to its active metabolite imidaprilat. The plasma levels of imidaprilat gradually increase in proportion to the dose, and decline slowly. The time to reach the maximum plasma concentration (Tmax) is 2.0 h for imidapril and 9.3 h for imidaprilat. The elimination half-lives (t1/2) of imidapril and imidaprilat is 1.7 and 14.8 h, resp. Imidapril and its metabolites are excreted chiefly in the urine. As an ACE inhibitor, imidaprilat is as potent as enalaprilat, an active metabolite of enalapril, and about twice as potent as captopril. In patients with hypertension, blood pressure was still decreased at 24 h after imidapril administration. The antihypertensive effect of imidapril was dose-dependent. The maximal reduction of blood pressure and plasma ACE was achieved with imidapril, 10 mg once daily, and the addnl. effect was not prominent with higher doses. When administered to patients with AMI, imidapril improved left ventricular ejection fraction and reduced plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels. In patients with mild-to-moderate CHF [New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class II-III], imidapril increased exercise time and phys. working capacity and decreased plasma atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and BNP levels in a dose-related manner. In patients with diabetic nephropathy, imidapril decreased urinary albumin excretion. Interestingly, imidapril improved asymptomatic dysphagia in patients with a history of stroke. In the same patients it increased serum substance P levels, while the angiotensin II receptor antagonist losartan was ineffective. These studies indicate that imidapril is a versatile ACE inhibitor. In addition to its effectiveness in the treatment of hypertension, CHF, and AMI, imidapril has beneficial effects in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and asymptomatic dysphagia. Good tissue penetration and inhibition of tissue ACE by imidapril contributes to its effectiveness in preventing cardiovascular complications of hypertension. The major advantages of imidapril are its activity in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases and lower incidence of cough compared with some of the older ACE inhibitors.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Yasu, Yusuke; Koike, Takashi; Akita, Munetaka published the article 《Visible Light-Induced Selective Generation of Radicals from Organoborates by Photoredox Catalysis》. Keywords: visible light photoredox catalyst radical photogeneration organoborate derivative; photocatalyst photogeneration radical organic borate.They researched the compound: [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6( cas:676525-77-2 ).Formula: C40H40F6IrN4P. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:676525-77-2) here.

A new strategy for the generation of carbon-centered radicals via oxidation of alkyl-, allyl-, benzyl- and arylborates by visible-light-driven single electron transfer (SET) photoredox catalysis has been established. The generated radicals smoothly react with TEMPO and electron-deficient alkenes to afford C-O and C-C coupling products, resp. In this radical initiating system, cyclic organo(triol)borates turn out to be useful radical precursors.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Safety of Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate. So far, in addition to halogen atoms, other non-metallic atoms can become part of the aromatic heterocycle, and the target ring system is still aromatic. Compound: Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate, is researched, Molecular Cl3H2ORu, CAS is 14898-67-0, about Decoration of Ru/RuO2 hybrid nanoparticles on MoO2 plane as bifunctional electrocatalyst for overall water splitting.

Hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are the two branches of artificial overall water splitting (OWS), in which the reaction efficiency usually depends on different specific catalysts. Although effective bifunctional electrocatalyst for OWS (HER and OER) are highly desired, designing and constructing such suitable materials is full of challenges to overcome several difficulties, involving slow kinetics, differences in catalytic mechanisms, large overpotential values, and low round-trip efficiencies. In this work, we reported a new bifunctional electrocatalyst Ru/RuO2-MoO2 catalyst (RRMC) via a redox solid phase reaction (RSPR) strategy to achieve the high electrocatalytic activity of OWS. Briefly, due to the restricted transport behavior of atoms in solid state precursor, the designed redox reaction occurred between the adjacent part of RuO2 and MoS2, forming Ru/RuO2 hybrid NPs and MoO2 plane. Therefore, the newly formed Ru/RuO2 hybrid NPs and MoO2 plane were tightly combined and used as an electrocatalyst for OWS. Benefiting from the exposed active sites and optimized electronic structure, the RRMC sample annealed at 500°C (RRMC-500) exhibited low overpotential for HER (18 mV) and for OER (260 mV) at 10 mA cm-2 under alk. conditions. Especially, a low cell voltage of 1.54 V was required at 10 mA cm-2 under alk. condition.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Reference of Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate. Aromatic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocycles and fused heterocycles. Compound: Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate, is researched, Molecular Cl3H2ORu, CAS is 14898-67-0, about Urea-less NOx Reduction by Carbon Monoxide in Simulated Lean-Burn Exhausts. Author is Heo, Iljeong; You, Young Woo; Lee, Jin Hee; Schmieg, Steven. J.; Yoon, Dal Young; Kim, Chang Hwan.

lean NOx after-treatment is a major barrier to widespread adoption of advanced combustion power-trains to reduce greenhouse gas and toxic exhaust emissions. urea/selective catalytic reduction (U/SCR) of NOx by NH3 generated by urea decomposition, is commonly regarded as the best way to reduce NOx in low temperature lean exhaust gas; however, the urea/SCR system has inherent drawbacks: periodic re-fill of the aqueous urea solution and complicated hardware. this work demonstrated a state-of-the-art catalyst which is extremely selective and efficiently reduces NOx, primarily with the most abundant reductant, CO, particularly in the presence of O2 (>5%) at low temperature at temperatures <250°, IrRu/Al2O3 catalysts achieved higher NOx conversion with CO only vs. a com. Cu-based urea/SCR catalyst with NH3 as primary reductant. the IrRu catalyst displayed high thermal stability and SO2 tolerance, very important factors for actual applications. In some applications, this compound(14898-67-0)Reference of Ruthenium(III) chloride xhydrate is unique.If you want to know more details about this compound, you can contact with the author or consult more relevant literature.

Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Zhao, Yu; Chen, Jia-Rong; Xiao, Wen-Jing published an article about the compound: [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6( cas:676525-77-2,SMILESS:[F-][P+5]([F-])([F-])([F-])([F-])[F-].CC(C)(C1=CC=[N]([Ir+3]23([C-]4=CC=CC=C4C5=CC=CC=[N]25)([C-]6=CC=CC=C6C7=CC=CC=[N]37)[N]8=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C98)C9=C1)C ).COA of Formula: C40H40F6IrN4P. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be classified according to the number of heteroatoms or the size of the ring. The authors also want to convey more information about this compound (cas:676525-77-2) through the article.

A visible-light photocatalytic decarboxylative alkyl radical addition cascade reaction of acrylamide-tethered styrenes for the synthesis of benzazepine derivatives is described. This protocol features broad substrate scope, excellent functional group tolerance, and mild reaction conditions, affording the seven-membered rings in good yields. This method was also applied for efficient grafting of the benzazepine scaffold into the pharmaceutically active ursolic acid scaffold.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

The preparation of ester heterocycles mostly uses heteroatoms as nucleophilic sites, which are achieved by intramolecular substitution or addition reactions. Compound: [Ir(dtbbpy)(ppy)2]PF6( cas:676525-77-2 ) is researched.HPLC of Formula: 676525-77-2.Hsieh, Sheng-Ying; Bode, Jeffrey W. published the article 《Silicon Amine Reagents for the Photocatalytic Synthesis of Piperazines from Aldehydes and Ketones》 about this compound( cas:676525-77-2 ) in Organic Letters. Keywords: piperazine preparation silicon amine reagent photocatalytic cross coupling; photocatalytic cross coupling aldehyde ketone silicon amine reagent. Let’s learn more about this compound (cas:676525-77-2).

Silicon amine protocol (SLAP) reagents for photocatalytic cross-coupling with aldehydes and ketones to form N-unprotected piperazines, e.g., I and II, have been developed. This blue light promoted process tolerates a wide range of heteroaromatic, aromatic, and aliphatic aldehydes and structurally and stereochem. complex SLAP reagents. It provides a tin-free alternative to SnAP (tin amine protocol) reagents for the synthesis of substituted piperazines.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

Joshi, Priyanka; Perni, Michele; Limbocker, Ryan; Mannini, Benedetta; Casford, Sam; Chia, Sean; Habchi, Johnny; Labbadia, Johnathan; Dobson, Christopher M.; Vendruscolo, Michele published the article 《Two human metabolites rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease via a cytosolic unfolded protein response》. Keywords: cytosolic unfolded protein response metabolite Caenorhabditis Alzheimers disease.They researched the compound: 4-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carboxylic Acid( cas:492-27-3 ).COA of Formula: C10H7NO3. Aromatic heterocyclic compounds can be divided into two categories: single heterocyclic and fused heterocyclic. In addition, there is a lot of other information about this compound (cas:492-27-3) here.

Age-related changes in cellular metabolism can affect brain homeostasis, creating conditions that are permissive to the onset and progression of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. Although the roles of metabolites have been extensively studied with regard to cellular signaling pathways, their effects on protein aggregation remain relatively unexplored. By computationally analyzing the Human Metabolome Database, we identified two endogenous metabolites, carnosine and kynurenic acid, that inhibit the aggregation of the amyloid beta peptide (Aβ) and rescue a C. elegans model of Alzheimer’s disease. We found that these metabolites act by triggering a cytosolic unfolded protein response through the transcription factor HSF-1 and downstream chaperones HSP40/J-proteins DNJ-12 and DNJ-19. These results help rationalise previous observations regarding the possible anti-ageing benefits of these metabolites by providing a mechanism for their action. Taken together, our findings provide a link between metabolite homeostasis and protein homeostasis, which could inspire preventative interventions against neurodegenerative disorders.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

In organic chemistry, atoms other than carbon and hydrogen are generally referred to as heteroatoms. The most common heteroatoms are nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Now I present to you an article called Visible-light-induced photocatalytic reductive transformations of organohalides, published in 2012, which mentions a compound: 676525-77-2, mainly applied to organohalide free radical photocatalytic cyclization hydrodehalogenation visible light iridium, SDS of cas: 676525-77-2.

The iridium-catalyzed reductive cyclization and hydrodehalogenation of organohalides induced by visible light is described. This work shows that a broad range of alkyl, alkenyl, and aryl halides, not limited to alkyl substrates with an activating group, are competent participants in these photocatalytic free-radical processes and furnish the products in excellent yield. It has also been demonstrated that a simple alteration in reaction conditions, such as changing light sources, can bring about significant rate acceleration. These findings establish the feasibility of using structurally diverse organohalides for various free-radical mediated reactions through a convenient and environmentally benign catalytic means that makes use of visible light.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”