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Halogen Bonds Involved in Copper(I) Complexes: A Study Based on the Electronic Charge Density

This communication describes the crystal structures of CuI complexes and their topological analysis with an emphasis on the Laplacian of the electron density to investigate the characteristics of halogen bonding. To gain insight into the halogen bonds (XBs), we survey wavefunction and DFT methods. The different XBs, that is, Cl···Cl?, I···I?, Br···N3?, and I···SCN?, in the crystal packing of these compounds are categorized as a combination of a region of charge depletion and a region of charge concentration in the valence-shell charge concentration or hole?lump interactions. The full quantum potential based lump?hole concept is more useful than the sigma-hole concept, in which the electrostatic portion of the potential is merely considered. Such a view of halogen bonding can rationalize the geometry around the XBs. The noncovalent interaction reduced density gradient (NCI-RDG) approach was applied to the real-space visualization and quantitative investigation of the XBs as well.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

Top Picks: new discover of Cuprous thiocyanate

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Structure, binding energy and optoelectrical properties of p-type CuI thin films: The effects of thickness

Ultra-high transparent p-type copper iodide (CuI) thin films were fabricated by solid iodization of evaporated Cu precursor layers at room temperature. The effect of the thickness on microstructure, binding energy and optoelectrical properties is systematically studied. X-ray diffraction measurements show the polycrystalline nature of the CuI thin films with zincblende type structure. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis indicates that the oxidation state of Cu is +1 and the estimated value of [Cu]/[I] at 100 nm is 0.87. Excess iodide ions trap considerable holes, causing CuI thin films to exhibit the p-type conductivity, which is consistent with the results of the Hall effect measurement and the non-linear characteristics of the CuI/ITO structure. Moreover, the CuI thin films with thickness of 100 nm exhibits an ultra-high optical transmittance of 95.5% in the wavelength of 380?780 nm and an excellent conductivity of 34 S/cm. These results prove the great potential of CuI as a promising p-type optoelectronic material.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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A thiocyanato-bridged copper(i) cubane complex and its application in palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira coupling of aryl halides

Reaction of copper(i) thiocyanate with 1,1?-bis(di-tert- butylphosphino) ferrocene (dtbpf) in a 2:1 molar ratio in DCM-MeOH (50:50 V/V) afforded a tetranuclear copper(i) complex [Cu4(mu3-SCN) 4(kappa1-P,P-dtbpf)2] (1) with a cubane-like structure. Complex 1 was shown to be an efficient catalyst in comparison to CuI in the Sonogashira reaction. The coupling products were obtained in high yields by using Pd loadings of 0.2 mol% as well as complex-1 of 0.1 mol%.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Antimicrobial, spectral and thermal studies of divalent cobalt, nickel, copper and zinc complexes with triazole Schiff bases

Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes of bidentate Schiff bases derived from the condensation of 4-amino-5-mercapto-3-methyl/ethyl-1,2,4-triazole with 5-nitrofurfuraldehyde were synthesized and tested as antimicrobial agents. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, magnetic moment measurements, spectroscopic (IR, Electronic, 1H NMR, ESR) and thermogravimetric analyses. A square planar geometry for Cu(II) and octahedral geometry for Co(II), Ni(II) and Zn(II) complexes have been proposed. The presence of coordinated water in metal complexes was confirmed by thermal and IR data of the complexes. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes have been screened for antibacterial [Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus] and antifungal activities [Aspergillus niger, A. flavus].

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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THIAZOLIDINE DERIVATIVES, THEIR PREPARATION AND USE

Compounds of formula (I): (in which R1-R7 are hydrogen or various organic groups, n is 1-10, Ar is an aromatic group, U is CH2 or a carbon atom doubly bonded to either one of its adjacent carbons, and W is >CH2, >C=0 , >CHOH, >C=NOH or various derivatives thereof) have the ability to lower the levels of blood lipid peroxides and blood sugars and to inhibit the activity of aldose reductase; they may be used therapeutically for these purposes.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Powder pressed cuprous iodide (CuI) as a hole transporting material for perovskite solar cells

This study focuses on employing cuprous iodide (CuI) as a hole-transporting material (HTM) in fabricating highly efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). The PSCs were made in air with either CuI or 2,2′,7,7′-Tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) as HTMs. A simple and novel pressing method was employed for incorporating CuI powder layer between perovskite layer and Pt top-contact to fabricate devices with CuI, while spiro-OMeTAD was spin-coated between perovskite layer and thermally evaporated Au top-contact to fabricate devices with spiro-OMeTAD. Under illuminations of 100 mW/cm2 with an air mass (AM) 1.5 filter in air, the average short-circuit current density (JSC) of the CuI devices was over 24 mA/cm2, which is marginally higher than that of spiro-OMeTAD devices. Higher JSC of the CuI devices can be attributed to high hole-mobility of CuI that minimizes the electron-hole recombination. However, the average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the CuI devices were lower than that of spiro-OMeTAD devices due to slightly lower open-circuit voltage (VOC) and fill factor (FF). This is probably due to surface roughness of CuI powder. However, optimized devices with solvent-free powder pressed CuI as HTM show a promising efficiency of over 8.0 % under illuminations of 1 sun (100 mW/cm2) with an air mass 1.5 filter in air, which is the highest among the reported efficiency values for PSCs fabricated in an open environment with CuI as HTM.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Synthesis and structural characterization of five new copper (I) complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline and 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane(dppb)

The mixture of copper(I) salts CuX (X = Cl, Br, SCN, CN, SO3CF3) and 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) reacts with 1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (dppb) to give dinuclear complexes [Cu2(dppb)(phen)2Cl2]·4DMF (1), [Cu2(dppb)(phen)2Br2]·DMF (2), [Cu2(dppb)(phen)2(SCN)2] (3) and two 1D chain complexes {[Cu2(dppb)(phen)2(CN)2(H2O)]}n·nH2O (4) and {[Cu2(dppb)(phen)2](SO3CF3)2}n (5), respectively. The structures of these compounds were investigated by elemental analysis, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, electronic absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, 1H NMR and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Each Cu atom adopts a distorted tetrahedral configuration, and all the complexes are considerably air-stable in solid state and in solution. Detailed NMR studies have been performed to disclose the behavior of the prepared copper(I) complexes in solution. All the five complexes are bright green and cyan luminophores in a solid state at room temperature. This makes them potential candidates as cheap emitting materials for electroluminescent devices.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Solid state luminescence of copper(i) (pseudo)halide complexes with neocuproine and aminomethylphosphanes derived from morpholine and thiomorpholine

The copper(i) iodide or copper(i) isothiocyanate complexes with 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmp) and two interesting aminomethylphosphanes: P(CH2N(CH2CH2) 2O)3 (1) and novel P(CH2N(CH2CH 2)2S)3 (2): CuI(dmp)P(CH2N(CH 2CH2)2O)3 (1I), which was presented in our previous papers, CuI(dmp)P(CH2N(CH2CH 2)2S)3 (2I), CuNCS(dmp)P(CH 2N(CH2CH2)2O)3 (1T) and CuNCS(dmp)P(CH2N(CH2CH2)2S) 3 (2T) are discussed in this work. The chemical structures of three new complexes were determined in solution by means of NMR spectroscopy and in solid state using X-ray measurements. For all presented complexes the coordination geometry about the Cu(i) centre is pseudo-tetrahedral showing the small flattening and large rocking distortions. All compounds crystallize as the discrete dimers bound by pi-stacking interactions between dmp rings, which strongly depend on the phosphane ligand. Investigated complexes exhibit orange photoluminescence in the solid state of highly diversified intensity, position of the luminescence band and the lifetimes. On the basis of TDDFT calculations, the CT bands observed in UV-Vis spectra are assigned to the two mixed transitions from the CuX (X = I or NCS) bond with a small admixture of the CuP bond to pi* orbitals of the dmp ligand: (MX,MPR3)LCT. However, emission bands can be interpreted to be of (MX)LCT type.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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High-Performance P-Type Copper(I) Thiocyanate Thin Film Transistors Processed from Solution at Low Temperature

Semiconducting copper(I) thiocyanate (CuSCN) is actively studied for electronic and optoelectronic applications. Although various kinds of CuSCN-based transistors are reported, these devices suffer from low charge carrier mobility of about 0.01?0.1 cm2 V?1 s?1. Here, ion gel electrolyte consisting of network polymer and ionic liquid is used as a high capacitance gate insulator to achieve high performance CuSCN-based electrolyte-gated transistors (CuSCN-EGTs) with low operation voltage below 1 V. 30 nm thick CuSCN semiconductor film can be formed by a simple solution process with a low processing temperature (?100 C) that is directly applicable to flexible plastic substrates. By doping copper iodide to the CuSCN semiconductor, device performance including drain current and charge carrier mobility of the CuSCN EGT can be improved significantly. The measured charge carrier mobility of ?0.3 cm2 V?1 s?1 is the highest among the reported CuSCN transistors using various gate insulators. These CuSCN-EGTs also display good operation stability under continuous quasistatic external gate voltage sweeps. Such superior electrical performance and versatile processability of ion gel?gated CuSCN transistors make them suitable for use in complimentary circuits and large-area flexible electronics.

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”

 

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Semiconductor materials (by machine translation)

[A] a band gap is relatively small, and yet strong light absorbing properties can be synthesized in a simple method for the semiconductor material. [Solution] pi-conjugated organic molecules containing nitrogen atom capable of coordinating to metal skeleton composed of copper thiocyanate, pi-conjugated organic molecules coordinated to the copper ion to the semiconductor material. The pi-conjugated organic molecules include, 1, 4, 5, 8, 9, 12 desirably has a skeleton represented by formula (HAT) [hekisaazatorihueniren[hekisaazatorihueniren], during HAT, metal ions can be coordinated nitrogen atom is included in the backbone, pi-conjugated organic molecules include, a functional group is bonded to a semiconductor material including HAT. The band gap of the semiconductor material is reduced, can be used as an active layer has light absorbing organic thin film solar cell, the solar cell is used as the active layer of the semiconductor. [Drawing] no (by machine translation)

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Reference:
Copper catalysis in organic synthesis – NCBI,
Special Issue “Fundamentals and Applications of Copper-Based Catalysts”